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Learning aim A
Single Camera Production
What is it ?
“Single camera” means to only use one primary camera.
The single-camera configuration, often known as the single-camera style of production, is a technique for producing movies and videos. On the set, a single camerais used, and each shot that makes up a scene is captured separately.
Benefits
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Single cameras frequently move during filming with the aid of dollies and tracking tools, giving the finished video a more cinematic air. Single camera rather than multi-camera shooting is nearly always used in motion pictures, dramatic television series, advertising, and music videos.
Disadvantages
The fact that you can only see one angle at a time is the first and most obvious drawback of single-camera production. You can catch many simultaneous events when you film with various cameras. This means that while using a single camera, you must make an effort to have everything happen at the appropriate time and place.
Multi Camera Production
What is it ?
Benefits
Multi-camera alludes to any handle of shooting where more than one camera is utilized to record film. The standard set up for a multi-camera shoot more often than not comprises of 3-4 cameras indicating at the same subject. This makes shooting practicle in order to capture as much film and points of view as possible.
It will be speedier to film as they don't got to re-do the same scene over and over to urge each piece of film like they would in single camera. It also easier to film because you may wrap up shooting a scene in just a few hours and gives diverse choices when it comes to altering.
Disadvantages
The impediments of utilizing multi cameras are that when shot in a certain area you'd need to carry a lot of equipment and will take a longer time to set up. Also the cost will much higher because u will have to buy more equipment which will be expensive. And another disadvantage is that when you have to film you will always have to mind the other cameras and people filming because you cant film them in the frame.
What camera techniques are used for different types of media productions
Documentaries
Documentaries are filmed with a single camera, reason for this is because it allows the crew to be more focused on what they are filming. Depends on the documentary but usually only one camera is used because we are only focusing on a specific subject and we don't need to focus on different angles to have different prospectives of the subject. It also allows to set up different type of lightings which is not possible to do when it used multi cameras because they will need a specific light that will be suitable for all the different angles for each framing filmed.
TV Drama
For TV drama even though both single and multi cameras can be used the Multicam is more adequate and more often use to reflect a sense of realism. There is a lot of content to get through and is also the reason why everything is more fast paced.You can cover more territory and enhance the content with varied angles and interesting shots all of which have the potential to make your live stream more appealing to viewers.
Youtube Vlogs
For youtube vlogs we use single camera because we only need one view and one prospective of the subject. Also it will be cheaper for the vlogger because it will not have to worry too much about the quality of the video if there are not enough viewers so they wont need different types of equipment as in a filming studio.
Music video
Music videos are filmed by a single camera. Only one camera is used because usually in music videos there are different scenes during the song recorded in different locations and so they don't need multiple points of view in the scenes but only one because seens that they film different scenes they will have a different point of view in each anyway. But also for music videos the produces can also choose to move the camera during filming a scene left to right or up and down and so they wouldn't need to have multiple camera for it.
Advertisement
Adverts are also filmed by only one camera, this because as well as a music video an advertisement can be filmed and have more scenes and from where they will shoot in different positions and because they only need to focus on only one subject there is no need having to film with more cameras. Adverts are also very short so even by using one camera the advert could be finished in a short amount of time.
Sport Events
For sports events there is the need of filming with multiple camera, this because is mostly a live event where the scene for sure can not be retaken. There is a lot going on and the moment has to be filmed at all times so no actions will be missed. Obviesly there had to be different angles from where the prospective has been filmed so the viewer will get a more realistic version of the event through the camera.
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Camera Techniques
Movement
Tracking
The camera is moving in or out left or out following the subject. By using tracking the audience will feel a real-time journey and it will make them more engaged and interested in the movie,is filmed without jumps or cuts to different viewpoints to realistically mimic how people would move through space in real life.
Zooming
Camera lents moving in or out f a subject. The camera remains standing but the lens are moving. By zooming it it gives the impression of getting very close to the subject, while by zooming out is like getting farther away from the subject.
Tilting
The camera moves up or down only while the camera remains in a stationary position.
The movement of the camera is like someone raising or bowing they head and it shifts the audience attention from a subject to another.
Panning
The Camera moves left or right only and the camera remains in a stationary position. The audience can see more of the scene thanks to a pan. Panning the camera establishes the scene's location and follows the motion of the people or things in it.
Steadicam
Camera follows a subject movements while physically attached to a stationary person. This reflects the shifting viewpoint or perspective of the viewer throughout filmmaking
Hand-Held
The camera is not mounted and therefore it has a Jerky action , which creates a sense of realism. The camera shakes and moves based on the operators hands movements.
Framing
Extreme Long Shot
The cameras focus is on the location. There is no subject or the subject is very far away. You can use a long shot to make the subject appeal very small against the location and make it feel distant or unfamiliar. Extreme wide shots are often used as establishing shots.
Long Shot
The cameras focus is on the subject whole body, with the subject framed from head to toe. show the subject from a distance, emphasizing place and location
Medium long shot
The camera focus in on the subject body , with the subject framed from the knees up.In films, it creates the feeling that the audience is having a very personal conversation with the character.
Mid Shot
The camera focus is on the subject who torso, the subject is framed from head to chest. In the medium shot it drowse attention to the subject but also to the environment around and gives space for both.
Medium close up
The camera focuses on the subject upper torso, framing the subject from chest to head. In the frame you capture the subjects facial expression but also leaves me space for the background
Close Up
The camera focuses on the subjects profile. We frame the subject from head to shoulder. This shot is used for when something dramatic happens or to evidence a detail.
Big Close Up
The camera focuses on the facial expression of the subject. The frame is from eye to mouth. The big close up is usually used in an extreme scene or if is an emotional scene you can focus on the subject tears.
Extreme Close Up
The camera focus on the subject facial elements with specific features framed. It has the effect of intensifying and concentrating an idea, emotion, reaction or atmosphere.
Angles / Shots
Bird Eye View
A shot taken from directly above looking down on the action or a point of interest. This shot gives a feeling of power and of being superior to the object.
Worm Eye View
Is a shot taken from directly below, looking up to the action or to the point of interest. This shot gives the feeling of being small, vulnerable, or inferior to the subject.
Hight / Low Angle
This is a shot taken directly from above or below and the action of point of interest from down or up. Those angle both have a contrasting effect. Is a mix of the bird eye view and the worm eye view.
Canted Angle
Is an unbalanced shot where the physical camera itself is placed in an oblique position. It can sometimes be used for dramatic effect. This shot can also create a sense of confusion.
Wide Angle
Is a shot taken from a distance in order to frame more than 2 subjects at the same time. This shot allows a depth of the field and also to have then one subject in the same shot.
Two Shot
A shot taken at an eye-level that frames 2 subjects in the same place at the same time. This shot can be used for a conversation between two people and want to have both subjects in the frame.
Over The Shoulder
This is a shot taken from behind a subject shoulder engaging in a conversation with another. This gives the prospective of both subjects during the conversation.
Point Of View
Is a shot taken from a subject line of sight allowing the audience to see what the subject does. The camera acts as the eyes and it helps the viewer see the characters reaction.
Camera Settings
Focus
Examples
Focus in pictures is the process of making adjustments to the camera lenses and settings
so you can get the result you want for your subject, how close the subject should be, how sharp and how to make a contrast between the background and your subject. This process can be either be manually or automatically.
Focusing a camera is all about changing the distance between the subject of the image, the lens, and the sensor.
Same happens when taking a video and what the subject to always be focused, you will need to always turn the lent so it focuses on the subject while its moving or while the camera moves around the subject.
What is important in focusing in both taking pictures or video as far or close you and the camera are the subject will always have to be focused, while maybe the background will be unfocused.
Extreme Long Shot
Medium Close Up
Medium Close Up
Long Shot
Mid Shot
Extreme Close Up
Aperture
Aperture is a part of the camera that you can adjust so more or less light come in the picture. A Small aperture lets in less light and leads to a darker image as well as a large aperture lets more light and a brighter picture, but it also controls the focused of the picture by making the background as focus or unfocused as you want it to be. Whatever aperture you choose to use it will impact the size of the hole of the camera from which the light comes in.
My examples
F\22
F/9.0
F/3.5
F/18
F/7.1
F/2.8
F/14
F/5.6
F/2.2
F/11
F/4.5
F/1.8
ISO
Focal Length
Focal length is the zoom of lenses to zoom on the subject that is far away. U can get more and more distant from the subject but you can still capture the from a distance as if you would be close to it.Lens focal length tells us the angle of view, so how much of the scene will be captured
My Examples
28mm
135 mm
35 mm
200 mm
50 mm
80 mm
300 mm
Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is the speed that the camera takes for the shutter of the camera is open.A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure, is the amont of light the camera takes in.The higher the bottom number, the faster the shutter speed is. Shutter speeds are measured in fractions of a second.
My examples
1/500
1/30
1/250
1/15
1/125
1/8
1/60
1/4
CORE ASSESSMENT
TV Drama : Outer Banks
For this scene of the tv show they have used a single camera production. A single camera production is when only one camera is being used to film shots of a scene. This could have its disadvantages because that means that some shots will have to be repeated in order to have different shots from different perspectives of the same scene. But it gives the ability to use the camera in different ways and manage it easier. Also while filming there isn't the issue of getting in the frame another camera from the opposite angle or of having another camera men recording and possibly getting them in the shot.
This a scene of one of the episodes of the series outer banks. From the first moments of the scene, we can see that the 3 characters Kiara, JJ, and Pope are driving fast because they are followed by someone else with the car. From the roads they are around we can tell they are in a little town because the roads are all small and all connected to the main road. While they are being followed the point of view angle has been used to show their perspective of the road and what is in front of them from the car. Because this moment is intense, they are driving on a one way only road and they are being followed they decided to use the point of view to make the audience feel the same tension and terror as the characters.
They have another car coming towards them and no other
way out of the road so making us see their perspective makes
us feel as if we would be there and being close to having a
massive accident. This angle also allows us to see their view
on how the other two characters Jhon B and Sarah run in
from of the car and they were nearly going to get runed over,
to us as an audience it makes us feel scared because is the same view we would have if we were in that situation, so it increases the tension.
At the moment 0:31 there is a two shot which let us see Sarah and Jhon B getting up from the floor after they have runed across the road and where we can have a clear vision of them while in the background has an aperture of F/3.5 which allows a better vision of the two subjects. This shot helps us see their movements and from the NVC we can understand Sarah has an injury on her side of the stomach and from the movement of her putting her hand on the injury we see that she has blood on her shorts which also suggests that they have been through a lot if their clothes are all ruined and dirty.
In certain moments as 1:23 there is JJ, Kiara, and pope are running away because they are being followed and we can tell that the movement of a Steadicam it has being used. This makes the moment more interesting because it gives a feel of realism, everything is happening so quick and it's all shaky, so it makes us more engaged in what is happening.
From moment 1:31 to 1:40 there is the use of a close us on JJ, Kiara, Pope, Jhon B, and Sarah in individual times. This moment is a very emotional one because is the first time they have seen
each other after Sarah and Jhon B have disappeared and
suggested to be dead. The close up allows us the audience
to see their initial reaction of seeing their friends right in
front of their eyes after a long time and is transferring to us the same feeling that they are having, the feeling of relief and amazement.
In this it also has been used the over the shoulder shot while
focusing only on the subject and the rest unfocused by using
F/2.8. By doing this it makes us focus only on the subject
reaction without leaving something that could distract us and
highlight who we must pay attention to. The over the shoulder shot is used to make clear to us that Jhon B is having a private interaction With Kiara, Pope, and JJ but individually so we can see on how each reacted to the reappearance of Jhon B and Sarah but also for the surprise of meeting randomly.
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We then have a close up angle of the main person that is following the guys at moment 1.55. This angle allows us to have a close
view of his facial expressions which makes us see that he
is struggling while trying to catch them but also the fury
he has and despair of catching mainly Pope. Also the
aperture of what is being him is F/2.2 which is because
they want us to focus on him and it accentuates his
expression by having everything else out of focus.
At 2:07 there is an extreme long shot which make us see how JJ, Jhon B, Pope, Kiara and Sarah finally achieved to escape from the ones that were following them and as they are riding farther away we see the main person that was after them getting up from
the floor and giving up on try to catch them.
This shot allows us to see the scene as a whole
without focusing on something specific but just
give us a shot that makes clear that the one
following them stayed behind while looking at the
escape and riding away. For this shot everything
is focused because there is no need on focusing on
something specific so the focus is on a F/22 to have everything in the shot equally clear. Even though the guys are riding away in a quite fast speed, the shatter speed seems to be filmed with a high number, which I suppose is 1/250, this because the even if the movement is fast it is still clear and looks like they are not riding in an extreme fast way.
Music Video : Adelaide
At the start of the music videos there is the use of an extreme long shot which shows to the audience a wide view of where some scenes of the music video will be shot in. The extreme long shot lets us see the environment of where the artist is and which makes him looks very small in.
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When there are scenes of the artist singing, they use the movement of tracking to follow the artist around. The tracking makes the scene look more interesting and enthusiastic for the fact that it makes us feel the energy that the artist has while walking and singing. When they track the artist we can see that the depth of field is unfocused by using an aperture of F4.5 and because those shots are filmed in natural light the more light they let in while filming the more unfocused the background is. The fact that only the subject is focused it makes him stand out and it makes us focus on him and his facial expressions so we can understand the way he feels which is also thanks to the shots as a mid-shot and a medium close up which concentrates on the top part of his body movements.
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At times when the singer sings the word Adelaide there is the use of zooming on the artist. The artist is in the middle of the field and the scene is filmed from a long distance shot which then zooms in while focusing on the subject and framing up to a mid-shot. Zooming while the name Adelaide is being sung it accentuates the fact that the song is about the girl named Adelaide, and it seems as if it sucks us in closer to the subject. Also, the field they are in is filmed with an aperture of approximal F7.1 just to make a difference between the background and the subject, and it has an iso of 800 because the field has to be lightened enough but once focused on the subject it can't be too bright on the artist's face.
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There are scenes like in moment 1:16 where a two shot is being used to frame in the moments that the girl “Adelaide “has with the singer and the other
boy. This shot is used to show the difference between the relationship
Adelaide has with the two boys and to allow us to see her feelings
while being with one of them. Also, long shots are used while having
in the frame Adelaide and the boy she is currently having a relationship with and from the shots we can see that she is quite distant from him while when she is with the artist that is singing, she seems much closer and happier to him. When the shots for these particular moments are filmed the long shots are recorded with a large depth of field and F/22 which allows us to have a clear vision of whatever is in the background or what is around them, but when closer shots are recorded the focus changes and it had a shallow of F/4.5 which makes us give more attention to the subject.
Also, a canted angle is being used while tracking the artist in the scenes when he is singing and slowly getting the camera to be straight. This makes the video feel more energetic, especially by having an unusual angle framed in which also it can make the audience confused. At the same time everything except the artist has a low aperture as F4.5 which allows to highlight the subject movements and message he is trying to send.
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Low angle shot has also been included in some of the scenes, like at moment 1:33 when the artist sings. The shot makes him appeal superior but also highlights the fact that he is the focus. Also the fact that he is trying to say that he would be better than the other boy could mean that the shot is used to suggest that he is better and us as viewers feel inferior as the way he wants the boy to feel.
At the very beginning of the video there is an extreme close up focusing on the facial features of the main character which allows us to understand that she is very focused and is overthinking something while the camera zooms in trying to focus only on her eyes. A straight cut is being used which then gets to a big close up which now focuses on the whole face and allows some of the background in the frame. The aperture is very low filmed with a F/1.8 in fact we can't really understand the details behind her, we can only understand that it is somewhere in an open area.
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There is a low angle and high angle one after the other when the two girls enter the house. The high angle is used to show that there are stairs in front of them and that they are looking up and are about to go upstairs. Same thing with the low angle is to make a contrast between the two scenes and show that the girls are going up the stairs. The aperture in this moment is high and is shot with F/22 to make us aware of the environment they are in and because the focus is more on the way the angle is framed and the purpose of it.
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At moment 1.04 a point of view shot has been used to show what the girl sees outside of the window. This shot is being used to make us feel as if we were the ones that were experiencing that situation and to make us understand how the girl must have felt in the scene. Also the things from inside the window are all blurry and it must have used F/1.8 in the way that all of the audience focus was
on what was happening outside and to
evidence that the girl was focusing on what it
was outside. This also gives up the chance to
see of the close relationship the dad of the girl
has with his son-in-law which is the thing that
is bothering her because she knows that she will not be able to have a husband and for her da to have such a relationship with the person she really loves.
A bird eye view is used that includes a two shot where we can see the two girls on the bed relaxing. This shot has been used so we can have a clear vision of both girls at the same time and to show that they have a close relationship. This scene is not very bright to show that they were in the room with only the light that was coming from outside and so they used an ISO of 400 which allowed the light from outside to be visible on their faces and to be bright enough.
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Getting towards the ending of the video there is the use of tracking to follow the girls when they get outside. Tracking makes the scene more engaging but also gives more energy and it adds the feel of realism because it gives the effect as if we were there, and we were part of what was going on. While tracking the focus stays on the main girl and while following trying to keep her in focus and having the environment around her slightly focused using a F/3.5 and a bright ISO of 800.
Learning aim B
Shot list
Story-board
